1st Birthday Invitation Funny Wording

SimplyScience Contest for grades 10 and 11th degree




Open to classes of 10 and 11th level (new numbering) it is to carry out three experiments on DNA, microscopy of plant tissues and biochemistry of yeast, then Students will analyze them in creative ways. The teacher must accompany "coach" but not give answers. There should be 3 lessons from experience. The project is conducted in English. The detail is in the message below which was sent to school principals-ordinator. Attached the letter to teachers. This contest is organized by
SimplyScience
is an initiative of the ICMS Chemie Pharma Schweiz (Swiss Society of Chemical Industry) supported by the Confederation
see here
There will be a selection of top ten classes and prices include a trip to San Francisco for a "Science & Cultural Week."





Fig 1:
www.simplyscience.ch is, an initiative of the Swiss Society of Chemical Industry (
www.sgci.ch ) .. [

img]

experimental blog about the evolution of biology. To explore how we could keep alive the link between research and teaching.

How To Congratulate Someone Who Has Had A Baby

Monkey Man differs by 1.3% but each human is different than 12%?!

Man differs from the "monkey" of 1.3%, while each human differs by 12%!? Many figures on the difference between humans and chimps appear to move but contradictory. Calculated by different methods, they have meaning only knowledge of how they are established. Was used in the past immunological similarity, hybridization of DNA molecules, most recently the identity of particular sequences (SNP) and the comparison base to base sequences or whole genomes. And the list is certainly not complete. Obviously these methods give different results each time. There are sometimes an entire gene as different from one base is different, while other methods compare one by one 3 billion bases of our genome with 3 billion of the chimpanzee. Some account for a shift of a sequence as many differences, others do not detect this type of change. Give a single digit is unscientific and misleading. It is unsettling to students compare to other figures in the press, TV and internet. This is likely to discredit the teacher if a figure just as absolute and true. It is also be open to criticism from those who want to believe a single truth and simple: they are happy to show different figures as inconsistencies. Why so much interest for this difference? man has long wondered about the disturbing similarities with the "monkey" (I question whether a term that includes very different animals from the size of a cat to that of the gorilla ) including other primates, especially the hominids ( UniProt ) (tailless apes) and especially the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ). One can not help but see in his facial expressions, appearance, behavior social similarities touching. [ img] Source: Gould, J., et al (1994) File "ape" over hominidés.com

Everyone has witnessed strong reactions of rejection and a need to mark the distance with that annoying cousin.

"My God! Thus, man descended from monkeys. Provided that it is not true, but if it was, pray that it does not know!" Said Lady Worcester

would by reading the work of Darwin. (This quote

appears in different forms, I pulled this quote from Pascal Picq
here

)

At the turn of the conversation on these similarities and differences, often comes the proverb "Shoo natural change their spots" in reference to certain behaviors, socially unacceptable, who showed an origin in chimpanzees. Although this is not the correct meaning of the proverb is almost as if our fears that our emotions and take us beyond the control is crystallized on this being so close and yet different, as F. Terrasson (1997) describes in "The fear of nature." Why we so scared of being next of kin of a chimpanzee? That's what one of many Desmond and Ramona Morris studied in "Men and Apes." They discussed the monkeys sacred, representations of monkeys as mad or fishermen, as lovers and as intelligent animals. For (Geets 2003), behind the fear of difference lies in the fact that fear is not so different ... Leave this question for now to focus on these individual differences ... Old methods One of the first measurement methods that have dug up my research summary is immune. This much we placed a 15% difference of our cousin the chimpanzee. "The reaction to the precipitin shows that 85% of plasma proteins from chimpanzee are homologous to those of man. "Miram, W., & Scharf, KH (1998). biology from molecules to ecosystems. Lausanne: LEP Leisure and pedagogy. p. 433 [ img] Source : Vogel et al. (1970) Here we speak only of blood proteins and compared their affinity antibodies. Figure 2 suggests that peer wants to say here that the protein of the chimpanzee is agglutinated by antibodies against human proteins. So they have the same epitope.
DNA-DNA hybridization

• Other methods have been used as the hybridization of genomes Whole described here intranet.jpg
Source Miram, W., & Scharf, KH (1998).

Atlas of Biology (Vogel, G., et al., 1970) also cites this method p. 511 and asserts that the hybridization between humans and rhesus monkeys is 85%.

The first results by sequencing
Since sequencing is available and the cost down very quickly, new ways of measuring similarities and differences appear. For a long time we saw a figure close to 1.5% in many educational references.

example Miram-Scharf talks about 1.2% during that Watson, JD, et al (1994) Online said here P. 446 "The genomes of humans and chimpanzees differ in fact only 1.6%"

The way to measure is not described, but probably base substitutions in selected genes we had available at the time, by aligning short sequences. This measure does not take into account the differences resulting from the displacement of the inversion or duplication of sequences, because it seeks, in short - the alignment then the differences on these small aligned sequences.
Understanding alignment to find evidence of evolution is crucial for teachers said Profs. Brigitte and Denis Duboule Gaillot at a conference for teachers of biology in the spring of 2009.

Scenario students to make an alignment of human and chimpanzee protein
( Scenario 5: Evolution of insulin but can be used with any other protein)
Genomics enables new comparisons
Since 2001 (International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. 2001

here )

the human genome is fully available, and since 2005 that the chimpanzee / The Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium. 2005)

here

We learn that differences in terms of base substitutions are 1% and rearrangements, duplications and travel is our genome sequences diverge by 2.7% more. It is also true of about 1% or 3.7% ... [

img] Source: For Science No. 57

• 
  
Nature has a special issue

Nature

special chimpanzee

and provides a Web folder

focu "The chimpanzee genome They have clarified the problem nicely:" We share More Than 98% of Our DNA and Almost all of Our Closest Living With Our Genes on, The chimpanzee. "We share almost 98% of our DNA and almost all our genes with our closest relative today: the chimpanzee.

There is a
interactive animation that compares our two species in several ways: if you click on the shoulder of the chimpanzee highest one finds indications of differences genetic. " It Is Often Said That The Two species are 98.5% the same, in terms of single-letter DNA code In The Exchange. Goal Of The chimpanzee genome mapping shows There Are Further differences in how DNA chunks are duplicated and rearranged. Thesis differences due to divergent sequences o genome by 2.7%, while single-letter substitutions Another add about 1% of difference. "
The NCBI maintains a portal chimpanzee

• The NCBI offers free access to the complete genomes for example from MapViewer which helps to realize that many genomes are available (as of human the living world, prior to a phylogenetic tree, etc.). Viewed "Karyotype" Chimpanzee Genome
Viewed "karyotype" of human genome
• observation the number of chromosomes can be noted that the chimpanzee is presented in reference to us with the chromosomes appointed 2a 2b.

Choose one chromosome per ex. 2, human, below it says the number of genes (Genes are

Total Chromosome:
• 2346) compared chromosome has chromosome is possible.
• Michel Morange gave a lecture 06.12.2008 "The man and monkey" video here
  • (Channel U)
  • Site creationist Harun Yahya which tries to discredit evolution by comparing the numbers of similarity of DNA prepared by methods différentes.On is clear that scientific knowledge can be in reference to data, but also the methods that produce them.
    
  differences: not only are genes?
  An article by Pollard, KS, et al. (2006) here
a comparison of the entire human genome and the chimpanzee (see Bio-Hills of May 5, 2007 "The chimpanzee
more evolved than us?
). They searched areas of our DNA that have more variety here than in chimpanzees (compared to another genome). They found very few differences in the genes, but in the non-coding DNA they have found Human Accelerated Regions (MDT), one of which seemed to have changed particularly quickly: called HAR1F, it is expressed between the 9th and 17th week of pregnancy-critical period where neurons form and migrate in a region brain (Cajal-Retzius), which determines the layered structure of the brain. It is tempting to imagine that this RNA would have a regulatory role, and activates many other genes, ensuring the further development of our brain and ... we would be reassured about the reality of differences with the "monkey"!
• We see that the former focus on
  
genes, which ignored the rest of the DNA, misses important differences ...
• The difference between two humans: 0.1% or 12%? Bill Clinton repeated in 2001 with the provision that the Human Genome " Humans are all, Disrespect of race, 99.9% Genetically The Same.
  "
here is also that at the Cite des Sciences in Paris it is stated:
• " surprising result: between two individuals. there are only 0.1% difference! Briefly, a needle in a haystack that continues to sharpen the curiosity of researchers ... "While in Science et Vie (2008) ( intranet.jpg)
we read that" From an individual the other genes differ by 12%.
• hard to reconcile! Here is the number of genes that have at least one tiny difference: 3,000 genes differ by at least one base between two people nearly 12% of the approximately 21,000 genes ( that figure also change depending on how you measure, not bother me with that is an order of magnitude )
Thus 0.1 and 12% are equally true (currently ...) but measured differently.

Check Hayden, Erika (2007)

here reports that these figures do not account for significant rearrangements: travel, inversions and other réarrangments, which seem to affect much of our genome (one author mentioned 10 % in 2007). An Inuit and I differ by 1% but I have only 50% in common with my own daughter? In the excellent site
thenakedscientist found a nice problem situation to begin an investigation by the students: If
have a human I share 98% of my genes and chimpanzee With A 60% of my genes With A Banana, how I come only share 50% of my genes with My own daughter?

For the figure of 50% between father and daughter, we are interested in information flow at lineage. In fact nobody has said that 50% difference between parent and child: When we say that "we share 50% of our genes" with our closest relatives, we do not say that the other 50 % are different, it just says they are from the other parent. We should say that 50% of the information on our genes come from each parent. We talk about the source of information: either the father or the mother, which was inherited genetic information. Indeed, each chromosome is copied from the genome of the father or mother in the gamete and the cells of the child and each is of paternal or maternal in equal proportions. But most often , often the gene of the father is identical to that of the mother. Your two copies of the gene for insulin are probably identical, but as one comes from your father and the other from your mother, they are counted different source and are part of the 50% shown.
The most recent figures on human diversity ...



An ongoing project The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. (2010) miles genomes sequenced wants to take the measure of the diversity of our species. They have already analyzed after "rapid sequencing (
low coverage ) 179 individuals from four distinct populations by sequencing and very thorough (
high coverage) two trios: mother-father-child; They still have sequenced 8140 genes exons covering 906 697 people.

Fig 5:



e project The 1000 Genomes Project will sequence to compare 1000 Gen

omes whole .. [ img] Source: The 1000 Genomes Project
. The 1000 Genomes Project offers tutorials and videos here
Comment: Human genome: Genomes By The Thousand , 1026-1027 (2010) in Nature The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. (2010) and a News & Views of R. Nielsen here gives a summary of the very many numbers that may affect the education, here's a selection: On average each person has approximately 250 to 300 variants " loss-of-function (which produce a nonfunctional protein) and 50 to 100 variants known to be involved in hereditary diseases. We live pretty well this situation (healthy carriers), because we are heterozygous for these genes and these diseases are recessive (or there are redundant genes). Each individual would still be homozygous for 30 mutations linked to genetic diseases. From the two trios, they estimated the mutation rate in the germ line (eggs, sperm) for base substitutions ( rate of de novo germline mutations base substitution) at about 10 -8 per base pair per generation. That would still 30 mutations per generation for our genome of 3 billion (10 9 ) if I'm not mistaken ... (thank you to those who have pointed out the error!) Their results here indicate that an individual typically differs from the reference sequence ( here
) by:

• 10'000-11'000 non-synonymous sites: a base change in a codon resulting in an acid different amino 10'000 12'000-synonymous sites: a base change in a codon that does not change the corresponding amino acid.
• 190-210 insertions / deletions (in-frame indels ) premature stop codons 80-100 40-50 variants perturbernt which splice sites (splice-site- Disrupting
)

220-250 deletions that shift the reading frame. So this project is a little better characterize this human diversity and distinguish more meanings in this uncultivated percent ...
Conclusion The contrast of some of these figures could be good primers for the problem situation: they challenge students, raise questions, reveal some obstacles ... ( intranet.pdf
)
We also see a figure in science-has meaning only in relation a measurement method. It is therefore difficult, but important to learn to critically interpret information, even that of Nature or Science ...
"This is a

very delicate time, and a dangerous time, as people start to Come Up With Things That The General Public, The Media Gold, Gold Various groups Might misinterpret," Sabeti says. "I like the Fact That, so far, weekends find the Evidence for Natural Selection in Humans Is Only Skin Deep."
Check Hayden, Erika (2007)

And finally these examples illustrate that knowledge is scientific only if it clearly establishes how the data support the assertion. Sources

Check Hayden, Erika, (2007), So similar, yet so different. Nature News 17 October 2007
Human Genome: Genomes By The Thousand ^ 
Pollard, K. S., Salama, S. R., Lambert, N., Lambot, M.-A., Coppens, S., Pedersen, J. S., et al. (2006). An RNA gene expressed during cortical development evolved rapidly in humans . Nature, 443(7108), 167-172.
Skipper,

• Magdalena
  . (20190) Nature Podcast
28th October
• 
  
Terrasson, F. (1997). La peur de la nature: Sang de la terre.
• doi :10.1038/nature05113
The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. (2010). A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing. Nature, 467(7319), 1061-1073.
The Chimpanzee Sequencing
• and Analysis Consortium. (2005). Initial chimpanzee genome sequence and Of The Comparison with the Human Genome
. Nature, 437 (7055), 69-87.

VB (2008) On the other individual genes differ by 12% "Science and Life in November 2008 approx.
intranet.jpg

Vogel, G., & Angemann, H. (1970) . Atlas of Biology (Mr. Ricard, Trans).. Paris: Stock

experimental blog about the evolution of biology. To explore how we could keep alive the link between research and teaching.

Finger Boards Fo Sale

★ (`'• .¸---------(`' .¸¤¸. • • •'')--------¸.'') ★
«'¨` Member of the Club Faces Without Ages' ¨ `»
★ (¸.''--------(¸. • • •''¤`' .¸)----- • ---`'. ¸) ★

Convert To Swivel Rocker

foams are planning further their spores through a "Smoke ring"! International Week


Spores out in the wind with a vortex
A study reveals that some Sphagnum moss

project their spores like a cannon - the accelerating 32'000g - and operate a aerodynamic phenomenon that prevails at 15-20 cm, much higher than expected: the air friction would stop after a few millimeters! A capsule which contracts as it dries, a seal that grants the crucial moment, and a vortex ring - a bit like smoke rings (vortex) - allow spores to reach the layers of air above where wind can carry them further and ensure the dissemination effective and has allowed these foams through the upheavals of many millions of years.

Dissemination of spores ... a problem!

We know how the spread of spores is a problem for foam: the layer of air at ground level is almost immobile, even when it's windy. It feels good when lying in the grass one day kiss the wind decreases near the ground. For mosses that live in the first millimeters, send spores as high as possible for them to find a place off to develop them is decisive. Foams are the current descendants of those who had adaptations allowing them to continue to live elsewhere when their environment has ceased to be viable!

• 
  
• 
  
Fig 1: The sporangium rises above the rest of the foam. [Img
• ] Source: F. Lombard
• For the genus Sphagnum (285 species), Whitaker, DL, & Edwards, J. (2010) published interesting figures ( Extracts intranet.pdf ) which show the extent of the problem. Spores (22 to 45 microns) fall at a speed 0.5 to 2cm / s: a slightly turbulent wind just have to keep them in the air. To achieve these carriers winds, turbulent (above 10 cm in height) must be released spores in height - is what allows the lance-shaped (see Figure 1) of many sporangia. But it does a cm - and the project gives off much more likely to spread, which is what the article discusses. Air is a major barrier for spores Because compared to our size decreases the surface only to the square and volume - hence their weight - reduces the cube, tiny objects are much more subject to air friction. The friction in the air is so huge for the spores, because it is linked to the surface (disproportionately large compared to the weight for us). Relative to our size it is as if the air was really tacky. Or, in other words, it is like trying to play football or tennis with balloons: even going at full speed, it slows down very quickly and fall gently. Physicists speak of low Reynolds number: the viscous forces are larger than those of inertia (McMahon, TA, et al., 1983)
• . Thus, the friction should limit the distance that can reach spores less than one cm. See fig 2. blue and green.
• Fig 2: A, B
• Fig 3: The sporangium narrows and compresses the air in the bottom of the sporangium
• C Distance traveled by the ballistic calculations in still air (blue and green) and the observed distance of the cloud points red triangles and width. D
• Video ultra-fast (20,000 fps) of the massive release of spores, which produces a vortex ring.
• [
  
img] Source: Whitaker, DL, & Edwards, J. (2010)
• 
  
An American physicist and a biologist Whitaker, DL, & Edwards, J. (2010) have joined forces to publish an article in Science

here that analyzes the case of Sphagnum fimbriatum

: predictions by the simple ballistic observations encounter and highlight the effect of a vortex. The sporangium

Fig 3A shrinks as it dries and compresses air in the lower part (Fig. 3B) at pressures of 200 to 500 kPa. In the same issue Johan L. van Leeuwen (2010) describes how the pressure finally blow the lid releasing spores (20.000 to 240.000) that propels air pressure, as in a (tiny) gun, with a release rate of 16 ± 7 ms -1

and an average height of 114 ± 9 mm. The acceleration is 32'00g. It is the spore!

(ok it is not terrible, but I could not pass up this opportunity to place ...)

To get an idea an acceleration of 2g is reached by sports cars and F1 fighter jets inflict some 6g their drivers, but supported by special combinations ... Spores isolated launched with an initial speed of 13 ms -1 not culminate theoretically only 2 to 7 mm in less than 0.5 ms. While researchers have observed (Fig. 4B right) in 5 ms, they travel a distance of more than 40 mm at the end of which they are still moving at 3 ms -1
Fig 4: Sporangia of Sphagnum fimbriatum
(B)
capsule

ball becomes cylindrical drying. The rupture of the membrane releases the spores and the pressure of air propels the spores as in a barrel. The jet of air spores and rolls up Into a turbulent vortex ring spores That Carries up to 15 to 20 cm. (C) Air pressure (above ambient) Rises NONLIN. [Img
] Source N. KEVITIYAGALA / SCIENCE The authors explain that the vortex caused by the massive release of spores - and air - changes the aerodynamic system and product a vortex - a vortex ring - (see Figure 5) that accompanies the movement of spores to heights much higher.
Videos of the steps in this release are available in the Supporting Online Material here Unique in plants? vortices are produced by the jellyfish and octopus for propulsion and the authors note that this is perhaps the first time we described for plants. Such dispersal facilitated by the vortex may explain in part the success of Sphagnum , who survived the emergence of plants Vascular. Let me note that in some ways the current foams have a relatively longer duration than the ferns, conifers and flowering plants. You could say so provocative that they are "more advanced" than the ferns or flowering plants ... Just to show that any attempt to see evolution as a straight line is inconsistent. Aerodynamics Pollen dispersal agree, but the concentration? The question of aerodynamics of pollen dispersal is aided in gymnosperms and angiosperms by tree size, but at the other end of the journey to the grain of pollen, raises the question of the opposite gamete encounter - especially the likelihood of this meeting. Especially as the micropyle seems hidden in the scales. Again (KJ Niklas 1987) shows (see Figure 6) that ensure the effective vortex pollen concentration just on the micropyle of the egg-like when you stir a cup of tea and sugar is concentrated at the bottom and the center of the cup. Or as food particles in the gills of mussels probably! One might wonder if the inventor of the bagless Dyson which operates similar eddies merely copy - or reinvent - what conifers are over millions of years ... [img intranet] and [img intranet]
Fig 6: Aerodynamics of pollination facilitates the meeting of gametes. Source: Niklas KJ (1987)
Again the hazards and selection have produced modifications to the limits and sometimes appear to exceed the laws of physics and probability. Sources
MacMahon, TA & Bonner, JT (1983). It size and life . Scientific American Books. 
Niklas K. J.. (1987). Aerodynamics of wind pollination. ^{Scientific American} July: 90-95. Trad : Pour la Science (1987) septembre  Extraits intranet.pdf van Leeuwen, J. L. (2010). Launched at 36,000g.Science, 329(5990), 395-396. doi: 10.1126/science.1193047 Whitaker, D. L., & Edwards, J. (2010). Sphagnum Moss Disperses Spores with Vortex Rings. Science, 329(5990), 406. doi : 10.1126/science.1190179   about the evolution of biology. To explore how we could keep alive the link between research and teaching.

Get Well Wishes - Grandmother

brain




The Neurocenter of Unige and L'Hopital Cantonal de Genève (HUG) will hold during the International Week of the brain and workshops visits to laboratories conducting research on various aspects of the brain and its functioning. We know how such visits can have a motivation for students, especially when prepared - With questions for example. They can also help students in their choice for their studies. They also allow students to get an idea of what the researcher discovered that they are not necessarily men and they do not all have thick glasses or a cap screw on the head .. . an image that would not want to follow this career!

Fig 1: The archetypal mad scientist: male and crazy ... After we are astonished at the lack of interest including science by women. While the outreach program is not yet published the inscriptions for activities with students are already open. Up I Feb. 18, but the activities are filling fast enough .... Brochure for schools brain International Week International Week of the brain is an annual information campaign aimed at attracting the attention of everyone on the importance of the brain and Brain Research. It will take place simultaneously in many countries around the world, from 14 to 20 March 2011. To mark this event , open doors for students and teachers are organized by the Interfaculty Centre for Neuroscience Fig 2: Week of brain 2011: Registration is open. [Img ] Source: Neurocenter

As last year, two different formulas are available for classes:

• Research Workshop (1h30) Students address realistically the various stages of research. They try to solve a problem by developing a scientific experiment and analyzing experimental data with the help of a researcher. A laboratory tour is also planned during the workshop. The work is designed specifically for college students but uses real scientific data. Please note that some workshops, students should bring a calculator.

  Please check with the person responsible for registrations. Visit
• laboratory (duration 45 min) As in previous years, different laboratories welcome classes to present their research and illustrate them through demonstrations.
• any further questions, please contact Mona Spiridon, tel: 022 379 5378, email: @ mona.spiridon unige.ch

RESEARCH WORKSHOP (duration 1:30) sleep How does it influence our emotional memory?
More ...

Location: University Medical Center Ave. 9 champel Listings:
Virginie.Sterpenich @ unige.ch tel: 022 379 58 73

How does our brain perceives it faces?
More ... Location: University Medical Center Ave. 9 champel
Listings: Yann.Cojan @ unige.ch
tel: 022 379 59 79

Can we predict our mistakes by measuring brain activity?

More ...

Location: University Medical Center Ave. 9 champel

Listings:
Juliane.Britz @ unige.ch
tel: 022 379 57 28 Can we observe the development of new connections between nerve cells?

More ...

Location: University Medical Center Ave. 9 champel Listings:

Mathias.DeRoo @ unige.ch

tel: 022 379 54 33

How does one come to touch his nose in the dark? Sensitivity is poorly understood: proprioception. More ...
Location: Uni Mail, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40
Listings:

Clara.James @ unige.ch tel: 022 379 92 64 More ... Location: Uni Mail, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40 tel: 022 379 93 44 More ... Location: Uni Mail, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40 tel: 022 379 90 85 More ... Location: Uni Mail, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40 tel: 022 379 92 54 More ... Held Sciences III, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 tel: 022 379 67 95 Listings: Listings: Listings: Listings: Listings:

	Why smokers feel much they difficult to refrain from smoking?
Listings: Joel.Billieux @ unige.ch	Our emotions play a role in our ability to inhibit an automatic response?
Listings: Sebastien.Urben @ unige.ch	reasoning and its pitfalls: when everyone errs in being sure of being right
Listings: Caroline.Gauffroy @ unige.ch	How to identify a stem cell in the nervous system?
Listings: John Marc.Matter @ unige.ch
VISIT LABORATORY (duration 45min)	Architecture human brain More ... Location: University Medical Center Ave. 9 champel
Antonia.Skrzat @ unige.ch tel: 022 379 53 48	The brain is able to change at any time of life? More ... Location: Uni Mail, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40
Celine.Buerki @ unige.ch tel: 022 379 93 03	Working memory 8 to 88 years More ... Location: Uni Mail, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40
Delphine.Fagot @ unige.ch tel: 022 379 92 26	Pheromones and behavior: a question of receivers More ... Held Sciences III, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30
Chen-Da.Kan @ unige.ch tel: 022 379 31 February	imaging of anatomy and functioning of the brain More ... Location: HUG, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4

Francois.Lazeyras @ hcuge.ch tel: 022 372 52 14 More ... Hearing artificial implants cohléaires Simulation of artificial vision The diseased brain The LDES

	brain-machine interfaces: Control of a virtual wheelchair by electrophysiological signals
Location: HUG, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4 Listings:	Rolando.Grave @ hcuge.ch tel: 022 372 83 23
More ... Location: HUG, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4 Listings:	Marco.Pelizzone @ hcuge.ch tel: 022 372 84 20
More ... Location: HUG, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4 Listings:	Jorg.R.Sommerhalder @ hcuge.ch tel: 022 372 84 20
More details ... Location: Belle-Idée, ch. du Petit Bel-Air 2, Chêne-Bourg Listings:	Thierry.Steimer @ hcuge.ch tel: 022 305 65 11
experimental blog about the evolution of biology. To explore how we could keep alive the link between research and teaching. Saturday, November 13, 2010 Littlest Pet Shop Numbers LDES - 30 years on November 30!	Must Teaching in Science? André Giordan marked the teaching of biology and science, and his work on the need to take into account the representations of students, difficulty beyond them, but also on issues and vivid relationship between science and society have marked French science education.
Always trying to bring education research in education has developed over many events as LDES Days in Chamonix, with many other like Gerard De Vecchi, Charles Carlini the Zimmermann and many others who have passed through his lab, LDES has published many books; particular:	The Origins of Knowledge, 5th my new edition tion
Days Chamonix	How to teach science? To live experimental procedures
Learning to learn	Understand and teach the classification of living Learning Through Self .... How?
An experimental science teaching	On the paths of learning designs and knowledge

Science Education, How to that "it works"?

---

The origins of knowledge

30 years to learn On 30 November 2010,
LDES will celebrate its 30 year history! ... ... already in the service of learning. Of course for the appropriation of scientific and technological knowledge, and by extension, the environment, health and citizenship, but not only ... The

November 30, 2010,

celebrate the LDES his thirty years ... already!

• at 18:15 / UniMail, room MR080.
  30 Years / November 30, 2010
• 6:15 p.m. / UniMail room MR080
• If you are in Geneva and available, we hope you can join us for this moment and sympathetic to the Verrees to follow.
• If you're available, we hope you can join us for this moment for the friendly and Verrees to follow. desired response from Catherine Hulda PAHUD Falcy pahudfa at etu.unige.ch
• André Giordan
• experimental blog about the evolution of biology. To explore how we could keep alive the link between research and teaching.

Extra Long Sidelight Curtains

photos through the microscope in the classroom? What are

photos through the microscope in the classroom?

Figure 1: Example of a blood smear by Students and photographed with a digital camera just by eye. [Img ] The Typical devices equipped with small goals are better and just flatten the lens of the camera on the eyepiece and the focus. Source: Calvin College Students

---

There are many commercial solutions to fit a camera to a microscope, they are expensive, and therefore rarely used by students. Yet the educational impact of a picture they made themselves from their own cells is very different from a picture in a book. However, current digital cameras - preferably the cheap equipped with small goals - and those integrated into their phones often well suited for photos through the microscope or a binocular: just press down the camera lens on the eye and the center. Sharpness at infinity is no other in general.

Fig 2: flatten the lens of the camera on the eyepiece to see the image. [Img

] Source

: F: Lombard

The main difficulty is to find - And maintain - a position that aligns the optical axes of the microscope and camera. With a little patience we finally see a bright circle in the center.

Fig 3: Only a central area shows the microscopic cut: not very easy to focus the camera. [Img

] Source: F: Lombard

The photo in generally need to be cropped to select the useful part.

Fig 4: Wrap the camera lens on the eyepiece and focus patiently maintaining alignment with the fingers. [Img

] Source: F: Lombard

quality or authenticity!

Obviously these photos were not the quality of those school books or sites such as the virtual microscope

UniGe

I'm Always Getting Bronchitis

Wright Symposium: the quantum revolution

From the beautiful science accessible to all Even if it is not biology this year, the theme of this conference is exciting, and speakers of a very high level! In general, conferences are available on video after the fact from the website

the early 20th century, a revolution comparable in scope to discover the universal laws of mechanics and gravitation by Newton three centuries earlier shakes physics.
A new description of the world is obvious: our universe is not static and fixed but subject to randomly traversed by incessant waves of matter. This vision is so radical that it offends intuition and gives rise to fierce debates, pushing Albert Einstein, one of the major players in this new situation, to assert that "God does not play dice." Despite the intense debates that led to its inception, quantum mechanics has quickly proven to be an extremely effective tool to understand and predict a host of new phenomena. Its success was such that it is quickly out of research labs to enter the field of everyday life. For example, it allowed us to understand why some materials are insulators, while other drivers and has made possible the discovery of transistors, which are the foundation of modern electronics. It helped to understand why some superconducting materials had the surprising property of carry current without loss, paving the way for advancements in medical imaging in the field of energy. Other consequences of this theory led to the realization of atomic clocks so precise that they will not earn any more than fifteen seconds of error since the beginning of the universe, and have resulted design and implementation of GPS positioning system satellite. After a century of existence, at dawn the 21st century, quantum mechanics has not lost its power to surprise. They are now the least intuitive aspects that are the subject of ongoing research. Spectacular applications thereunder, as the teleportation of particles of light or the possibility, predicted by the great physicist Richard Feynman, to realize one day computers are different from those we know today, and revolutionary machines capable of handling huge number of parallel operations. This symposium Wright will give us the opportunity and the chance to explore, along with five very large international specialists in this field, some of the fascinating aspects of quantum mechanics. We'll see how effective quantum physics is able to describe our world, and will also address the question of its limits when it is confronted with the infinitely small, especially in experiments conducted at CERN, and the infinitely large interstellar space. We'll see how quantum mechanics has already profoundly changed our lives every day, and how new areas such as quantum information or quantum computers are likely to fundamentally change our lives tomorrow.
adventure Quantum has just begun! Monday, November 15 2010 - 18:30

Jochen Mannhart

Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism,
University of Augsburg, Germany

QUANTUM PHYSICS TO THE SCALE OF DAILY

Tuesday, November 16, 2010 - 18:30

• Wolfgang Ketterle Nobel Laureate
2001 (Physics), Department of Physics,
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
WHEN THE COLD COLD ENOUGH IS GLACIAL

NEW PROPERTIES MATERIAL

FRONTIER OF ABSOLUTE ZERO

Wednesday, November 17, 2010 - 18:30

David Gross Nobel Laureate 2004 (Physics), Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA OF QUANTUM MECHANICS (ALL) SMALL

AND (VERY) LARGE Thursday, November 18, 2010 - 18:30 CNRS senior scientist and Professor Institute of Optics and Ecole Polytechnique Palaiseau, France. Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences Alain Aspect OF EINSTEIN'S INTUITION TO qubits: QUANTUM TO A NEW ERA? Friday November 19, 2010 - 18:30 Rainer Blatt and University of Innsbruck, Austria RETHINKING THE COMPUTER TO USING QUANTAS experimental blog about the evolution biology. To explore how we could keep alive the link between research and teaching. Monday, November 1, 2010 Indian Heroines Affair Chronicle, souls gray " I do not know by where to start. It is very difficult. There all that time gone, that words will never return, and also faces, the smiles, the wounds. But we must still try to say that. To say that for twenty years I worked my heart. Remorse and the big issues. We need to open my knife mystery like a belly, and I plunged both hands, even if nothing will change anything. " 1917. A small village in north-eastern France, near the front where the first World War sounded their guns. By a cold December morning, a little girl of ten years - Beautiful Day, as she is nicknamed - is found strangled near the canal. The narrator returns to the crime occurred years earlier. A crime which is still surrounded by some mysteries, and from which we draw, through the pages, the portrait of the villagers. Starting with Pierre-Ange Msg, former prosecutor in retirement after more than thirty years of practice. An impressive man, very talkative and detached, can pronounce sentences of death without qualms. A lonely man, living far from the world, holed up in his huge palace along with two servants who do are rewarded by a few words a day. There is this young woman, Lysia Verhareine, "[...] far too beautiful, too beautiful to be a teacher, nice to not have a job. " The new teacher of the village, immediately appreciated by everybody, including by the Prosecutor. No doubt she was also the only one who ever knew ... understand And then there are others. Other characters, other personalities, other souls. Gray souls. "The bastards, the saints, I have never seen. There is neither all black or all white, gray is the wins. Men and their souls, it's the same ... You're a soul gray gray nicely, as we all ... ". Throughout this dark history, punctuated by incessant travel in time in which it is sometimes difficult not to get lost, we see them still rather pull these black souls to tragic destinies ... The contempt indignation, anger, humiliation, despair, bitterness or pessimism paint the backdrop to this story where each character carries with it a heavy and equally dark secret. The narrator himself, in the final pages of the book, we made a revelation as terrifying as disturbing, the book offers a powerful and unexpected ending. The scenes are described with such precision that one feels the cold of that December morning which envelops the lifeless body and tempered Beautiful Day ; means the icy silence that accompanies this scene is visualized with disgust cynical behavior of the judge can ask for poached eggs and eat them next to the corpse of the little girl he regards with disdain ... A precision, added to a first-person narration and the use of a highly personal tone, gives the story an authentic character, and sometimes looks like a diary. "For so long I feel dead. I pretend to live a little longer. I stay, that's all. " the narrator tells us. A nuanced writing, poetry and made suggestions, but always full of pessimism and a sadness that envelops us all over before we bury it under its own weight in the final pages. Finally, remember that this small masterpiece by Paul Claudel? A cold and brutal book, which overcomes morality. A dark atmosphere, the image of these souls to gray fates that populate the novel. A complex pattern in which the author himself seems to be lost: "All this sounds well entangled, like a cock-and-l'âne shambles, but basically it is just like my life, which was made as sharp pieces, impossible to pick. " written a remarkable book that may not like but which is struggling to emerge unscathed. Melissa Hoffmann published in the Chronicle BSC News Magazine October Wednesday, October 27, 2010 What Is The Strongest Hummer Running barefoot less impact because of evolution? To run just one pair of shoes ... Perhaps not, according to D. Liebermann an evolutionist of Harvard, reported in Nature News by Buchen, Lizzie (2010) ( A Soft ride for barefoot runners ): we could run even better - more flexible in all cases - barefoot. It shows that those who run without shoes have long been a movement which runs over the foot and the impact forces produced more regular with fewer peaks. He even suggests that this may cause fewer injuries. I often think when they heard the high heels of a neighbor slam his office decided not on the hallway floor ... Fig 1: The flexibility of movement "round" that place his foot would be more important than shoes to minimize impacts. [Img ] Source: F. Lombard Round the foot movement? In contrast to these aesthetic considerations that justify the high heels, a trend Which are part of a movement claiming the natural, but whose connection with the work of Liebermann is not clear. The results do not compare this type of shoe to others, but rather suggest that the flare must come from the movement of the foot and not the shoe that could not absorb a shock on the heel. ergonomic recent appears to be the shoes to the shoe very rounded rocker sole Fig 2: A trend in the shoe seems to be footwear soles rounded "rocker sole". [Img ] Source: Ryn: walkwithoutpain.blogspot.com The endurance race: a decisive factor in our evolution? In another publication, Bramble, DM & Lieberman, DE (2004) ( Endurance running & the evolution of Homo ) also defended the anchorage of the evolutionary race barefoot because we run barefoot for hundreds of thousands of years we have developed a harmony between foot structure and dynamics of the stride. We support the comparison pretty well for the endurance with other animals and our skeleton bears clear traces. Lieberman illustrates his point with a video when seen running barefoot on the snowy sidewalk. Thus the endurance race would be a decisive factor in our evolution, developed shortly after separation with chimpanzees and to have played a role in determining our structure. Let us detail the two buttressing their arguments and by the data. running barefoot to run smoother? Fig 3: Those who are accustomed to running barefoot naturally cushion the impact by landing on the "palm" of the foot, rather than the heel. [Img ] Source: Rick Rycroft / AP Photo. Fig 4: Comparison of the dynamics of the foot during the running of riders used to run barefoot or shod. Riders accustomed to running barefoot (c) produce less peak forces during the impact of the foot on the ground (note the absence of a peak in the first 50 milliseconds) than those who are shod (b) or when Running barefoot runners accustomed to running shoes (a). The force of impact with the ground, even with a cushioned insole as high as three times the weight of the rider. Those who touch the ground from the front (FFS) that are not subjected to forces of 0.6x weight. [Img ] Source: Lieberman, DE, et al. (2010) Lieberman and his team ( Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners ) performed a biomechanical analysis of endurance runners on a mat with force sensors, with runners who run barefoot for a long time (Used to run barefoot = HCPN) and accustomed to running shoes (HCC = ) as well as recent converts to the race barefoot. (Lieberman, DE, et al., 2010) Lieberman said that the first time a rider accustomed to running barefoot rushed on his aircraft, he was very surprised: the usual peak force during impact was absent. (Trad. personal) He then compared three groups of people: runners who long run barefoot (accustomed to running barefoot = HCPN), distance runners accustomed to running shoes (HCC), and distance runners accustomed to running barefoot running shoes (HCCPN) This comparison showed that those who long run barefoot (HCPN) produce impacts on the ground much softer: the foot hits the ground by the front-foot strike drills (FFS), rather than the heel rear-foot strike (RFS). The majority (75-80%) of runners accustomed to running shoes (HCC) impacting the ground tail first (RFS): it produces reaction forces of ground the order of 1.5 to 3 times the body weight during the first 50 milliseconds: the rise of brutal force is manifested by a peak in figure 4.a. We see that the riders HCPN produce forces that vary more regularly see Fig 4.c. If one looks only at the peaks of the first few milliseconds, measurements show that the impact force was 0.58 ± 0.21 body weights among regulars bare foot (HCPN) that place the foot (FFS), which is 3 times less than used to running shoes that impact on the heel (RFS) or when they run barefoot HCCPN (1.89 ± 0.72 body weights) or wearing (HCC) (1.74 ± 0.45 body weights). Lieberman, DE, et al. (2010)

Use flexion of the ankle to reduce the impact

Lieberman thus shows that the force of impact with the ground by the heel (RFS), even with a sole cushioning is much greater than in those that touch the ground from the front (FFS) (as HCPN) held the foot with flexion of the ankle - allowing muscles and tendons of the foot and calf to function as shock absorbers. He thinks this could explain the frequent injuries of the foot race, but Lizzie Buche said that the link has yet to be demonstrated. Bramble think the race roadway does not take advantage of opportunities in our depreciation and lower limb that increases the risk of injury. "Ignoring how we evolved and how our bodies are made to work is a dangerous game," he said.

The evolution of our skeleton related to distance running

Bramble DM & Lieberman, DE (2004) suggested that the peculiarities of our anatomy, such as long legs, size increased very Gluteus maximus

- the muscle of the buttock-, short toes and the arch of the foot are related to distance running and have allowed our ancestors to continue and eventually exhausted to catch prey.

Fig 5: Comparison of the human skeleton and other living or fossil primates. a, c, human, with structures related to the endurance race highlighted. b, d, Chimpanzee. e, Reconstruction of H. erectus f, reconstruction of A. afarensis. [img ] Source: Bramble, DM & Lieberman, DE (2004) Thus the endurance race would be a decisive factor in our evolution and not just a station that frees the hand drawn as has been often considered.
Not so bad it eventually ... The sprint speed of humans is not exceptional, but the authors show that the speed limit of endurance of a man who is very well trained (up to 6.5m / s for athletes' exception) is outstanding for a primate and greater than the speed of trot for most animals of comparable size cf Fig 5a. A quadruped of the size of a human (65kg) Trotter to 2.8 m / s pass to gallop to 3.8 m / s. The human race thus exceeds the preferred trotting speed (3.1 m / s) and the transition to galloping (4.4 m / s) Ponies (110-170kg), and even for a beast of 500 kg. As the galloping quadrupeds get tired, the authors argue that over very large distances the ancestors of humans eventually overtake their prey.
Fig 6: a) endurance race of the best human (blue) speed exceeds the speed too supported many mammal (blue). b) Running maintains efficiency over a wide speed range, while quadrupeds have a U-shaped curve of efficiency and therefore optimum speed marked (dotted rectangle). Humans can exceed this optimum speed in the race endurance. TOC metabolic cost of moving to O2 in ml / kg / km [

img] Source: Bramble, DM & Lieberman, DE (2004). In science ... we affirm that we are sure.
A cursory reading of these texts suggests that natural selection would have favored anatomical structures and an approach to running barefoot. So the floor would race against nature and would explain a lot of injuries. To determine whether these results scientifically validate these findings though, one must understand how they were created, but also establish strength of the relationship with the conclusions. These results are very convincing "consistent with the data" but is this the only possible explanation for these data? Lizzie Buchen, note that the fact that our ancestors were running down the leg (FFS) does not prove that it is ideal for those of us grow up with shoes. There is no clear evidence that shoes protect existing injuries, but there is not more than those who currently run a bare foot would have fewer injuries, "she adds. To be sure that it should establish the only possible conclusion for this data. In fact it puts the bar much higher certainty. And explains why the scientifically validated product less certainty greater than faith or politics. Finally ... in principle ... :-) Sources: Buchen, Lizzie. (2010).
A Soft ride for barefoot runners

forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners.

[10.1038/nature08723]. Nature, 463 (7280), 531-535. extracts intranet.pdf
experimental blog about the evolution of biology. To explore how we could keep alive the link between research and teaching.

Play Games On Teck Decks Bmx

students traumatized by science?

Some students are traumatized-es-es in science: a very unpleasant experience in their school careers can be hijacked for a long time in chemistry, physics or biology. The consequences for their careers in science ... or not Faced with the choice of options for their studies, these injuries sometimes weigh heavy! We all know adults are extremely competent, who are still afraid to approach the numbers, which become pale or divert the conversation when asked what temperature the water of one liter of the mixture at 30 ° with two liters of 80 ° ... It could be said for fear of "chemical" or the relationship to nature ... One can imagine that some would have liked es sciences ... But if they had continued the unpleasant memory of an event was able to block them before they do know enough to appreciate. team have chemistry opened scientific Injury Blog - see below - to give voice to all those who are-have been so intimidated or paralyzed-es-es. And for those of you swimming happily in science, this blog might help explain some resistance from students?
Fig 1: The Missing Links wants to convey his passion for knowledge, put science in culture, develop a love of learning among young people, participate in the clarification of values, maintain the pleasure of discovery and the desire to understand the world .... [img

] Source: Atoms hooked Hello,
Atoms Crochus are pleased to announce the launch of Blog trauma scientific ! http://traumasciences.atomes-crochus.org

At once entertaining and informative, it is part of a research group of Traces , Ecole Normale Superieure, designed to understand how, from childhood to build our relationship with science.

physics remained a dark world for you and intimidating ? You're paralyzed-e to the idea of applying a rule of three? shame You still do not know how to distinguish one atom of a molecule?

The microscope was it instead the friend of your child's adventures?

We invite your turn to share your good or bad memories science! Evoked memories may be explained by the Internet. The first evidence is already crisp ... This initiative is an extension a movie called The Firm trauma scientific
,

designed by Richard Emmanuel Eastes and André Giordan, which takes the form of a playful exchange between a Doctor of Science

and
patient. Back in his childhood, the participant recalls his good and bad memories of science. There followed a discussion which aims to raise resistance and ease of complex ...

soon on the blog!

• Dr clock, doctor of science. http://traumasciences.atomes-crochus.org
.
• experimental blog about the evolution of biology. To explore how we could keep alive the link between research and teaching.